Heat the olive oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat until shimmering and fragrant.
Add the minced garlic and sliced chili pepper to the pan, stirring constantly until the garlic becomes fragrant and slightly golden—about 30 seconds to 1 minute.
Add the shrimp to the skillet in a single layer. Cook without moving for about 2 minutes, until the edges start to turn pink.
Flip the shrimp using tongs or a spatula. Cook for another 2-3 minutes until they are opaque and just cooked through, stirring occasionally.
Remove the skillet from heat, then zest the lemon directly over the shrimp for a burst of citrus aroma.
Squeeze the juice of the lemon onto the shrimp, then season with salt and pepper to taste, tossing gently to combine all flavors.
Cook for another minute just to meld the flavors and warm everything through, watching for a glossy, slightly saucy consistency.
Transfer the shrimp to a serving plate, garnishing with extra lemon zest or chopped herbs if desired. Serve immediately for best flavor and texture.